BELAJAR TENTANG PIPA DAN KOMPONENNYA ( LEARN ABOUT PIPING )

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp_IQl8ERBXkFaL_xFEdQPTpV8HBD0t94PJBzBMkkjB4UUTOPbhtVVA7fzcIRUhweTABaSbkrqAUAwD85yG3vipty-Z92dJ4RrfxQmF9U3xnxpth1Dn54ZEfl1UYOirBxNq0MVLYUPcG8/s1600/pipe-line.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp_IQl8ERBXkFaL_xFEdQPTpV8HBD0t94PJBzBMkkjB4UUTOPbhtVVA7fzcIRUhweTABaSbkrqAUAwD85yG3vipty-Z92dJ4RrfxQmF9U3xnxpth1Dn54ZEfl1UYOirBxNq0MVLYUPcG8/s1600/pipe-line.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><br /><br />BELAJAR TENTANG PIPA DAN KOMPONENNYA ( LEARN ABOUT PIPING ) <br /><br />Jenis Pipa : <br /><br />Dari sekian jenis pembuatan pipa secara umum dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua bagian yaitu : <br /><br />1. Jenis pipa tanpa sambungan (pembuatan pipa tanpa sambungan pengelasan) <br />2. Jenis pipa dengan sambungan (pembuatan pipa dengan pengelasan) <br /><br />Bahan-bahan pipa secara umum : <br /><br />Bahan-bahan pipa yg dimaksud disini adalah struktur bahan baru pipa tersebut yg dapat dibagi secara umum sebagai berikut: <br /><br />1. Carbon steel <br />2. Carbon Moly <br />3. Galvanees <br />4. Ferro Nikel <br />5. Stainless Steel <br />6. PVC (Paralon) <br />7. Chrom Moly <br /><br />Sedang bahan-bahan pipa secara khusus dapat dikelompokkan sebagai berikut : <br /><br />1. Vibre Glass <br /><br />2. Aluminium (Aluminium)<br /><br />3. Wrought Iron (besi tanpa tempa)<br /><br />4. Cooper (Tembaga) <br /><br />5. Red Brass (kuningan merah) <br /><br />6. Nickel cooper = Monel ( timah tembaga) <br /><br />7. Nickel chrom iron = inconel (besi timah chrom) <br /><br /><br />Komponen perpipaan : Komponen perpipaan harus dibuat berdasarkan spesifikasi standar yg terdaftar dalam simbol dan kode yg telah dibuat atau dipilih sebelumnya. <br /><br /><br />Komponen perpipaan yg dimaksud disini meliputi : <br />1. Pipes (pipa-pipa) <br />2. Flanges ( flens-flens) <br />3. Fittings (sambungan) <br />4. Valves (katup-katup) <br />5. Boltings (baut-baut) <br />6. Gasket <br />7. Specials <br /><br /><br />items Pemilihan bahan : Pemilihan bahan perpipaan haruslah disesuaikan dengan pembuatan teknik perpipaan dan hal ini dapat dilihat pada ASTM serta ANSI dalam pembagian sebagai berikut <br /><br />1. Perpipaan untuk pembangkit tenaga <br /><br />2. Perpipaan untuk industri bahan migas <br /><br />3. Perpipaan untuk penyulingan minyak mentah <br /><br />4. Perpipaan untuk pengangkutan minyak <br /><br />5. Perpipaan untuk proses pendinginan <br /><br />6. Perpipaan untuk tenaga nuklir <br /><br />7. Perpipaan untuk distribusi dan transmisi gas Selain dari penggunaan instalasi atau konstruksi seperti diterangkan diatas perlu pula diketahui Jenis aliran temperatur, sifat korosi, Faktor gaya serta kebutuhan lainnya dari aliran serta pipanya. Macam Sambungan Perpipaan :<br /><br />Sambungan perpipaan dapat dikelompokkan sebagai berikut : <br /><br />1. Sambungan dengan menggunakan pengelasan <br /><br />2. Sambungan dengan menggunakan ulir Selain sambungan seperti diatas terdapat pula penyambungan khusus dengan menggunakan pengeleman (perekatan) serta pengkleman (untuk pipa plsatik dan pipa vibre glass). Pada pengilangan umumnya pipa bertekanan rendah dan pipa dibawah 2" sajalah yg menggunakan sambungan ulir. Tipe sambungan cabang: Tipe sambungan cabang (branch connection)dapat dikelompokkan sbb: <br /><br />1. Sambungan langsung (stub in) <br />2. Sambungan dengan menggunakan fittings (alat penyambung) <br />3. Sambungan dengan menggunakan flanges (flens-flens) Tipe sambungan cabang dapat pula ditentukan pada spesifikasi yg telah dibuat sebelum mendesain atau dapat pula dihitung berdasarkan perhitungan kekuatan, kebutuhan, dengan tidak melupakan faktor efektifitasnya. Sambungan cabang itu sendiri merupakan sambungan antara pipa dengan pipa, misal sambungan antara header dengan cabang yg lain apakah memerlukan alat bantu penyambung lainnya atau dapat dihubungkan secara langsung, hal ini tergantung kebutuhan serta perhitungan kekuatan. Diameter, Ketebalan, Schedule : Spesifikasi umum dapat dilihat pada ASTM (American Society of Testing Materials).Dimana disitu diterangkan mengenai Diameter, Ketebalan serta schedule pipa. Diameter Luar (Outside Diameter), ditetapkan sama walaupun ketebalan (thickness)berbeda untuk tiap schedule. Diameter dalam (Inside Diameter), ditetapkan berbeda untuk setiap schedule. Diameter Nominal adalah diameter pipa yg dipilih untuk pemasangan ataupun perdagangan (commodity). Ketebalan dan schedule, sangatlah berhubungan, hal ini karena ketebalan pipa tergantung daripada schedule pipa itu sendiri. Schedule pipa ini dapat dikelompokkan sebagai berikut : <br /><br />1. Schedule 5, 10 , 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160. <br />2. Schedule standard <br />3. Schedule Extra strong (XS) <br />4. Schedule double Extra Strong (XXS) <br />5. Schedule special Perbedaan-perbedaan schedule ini dibuat guna : <br /><br />1. Menahan internal pressure dari aliran <br />2. Kekuatan dari material itu sendiri (Strength of material) <br />3. Mengatasi karat <br />4. Mengatasi kegetasan pipa. Untuk melihat ukuran diameter, ketebalan, dan schedule dapat dipelajari tabel-tabel Alat-alat khusus: Alat-alat khusus dalam bab ini hanya membicarakan mengenai saringan (strainer) dan alat perangkap uap (steam Trap) Saringan (strainer) saringan (strainer) gunanya adalah sebagai alat penyaring kotoran baik yg berupa padat, cair atau gas. Alat penyaring ini digunakan pada jalur pipa guna menyaring kotoran pada aliran sehingga aliaran yg akan diproses atau hasil proses lebih baik mutunya. Tipe-tipe alat penyaring ini dapat dibagi menjadi : <br /><br />1. Tipe T. Tipe ini digunakan secara umum untuk memperluas ruang dan meredusir tekanan pada jalur pipa <br />2. Tipe Y <br />3. Tipe sementara <br />4. Tipe datar Perangkap Uap (steam Trap): Steam Trap merupakan alat yg digunakan untuk menyingkirkan air dari uap, dimana air ini tidak ada gunaya bahkan akan memberikan hambatan pada aliran uap atau dapat menimbulkan kerugian lainnya. Perangkap uap ini ditempatkan pada tempat terendah dari suatu jalur perpipaan atau dipasang pada kantung pipa yg disebut Drip Leg Cara Kerja: <br /><br /><br />1. Steam Trap pada daerah jalur pipa yg terendah dimana disitu dianggap air mungkin telah menggantungkan pada kantung pipa (Drip Leg) <br />2. Steam trap ini akan mengosongkan air ke sistem uap yg mempunyai tekanan lebih rendah <br />3. Sistem perangkap yg tertutup didalam pengosongan air menggunakan katup-katup pada sisi perangkap tersebut. <br />4. Gunakan saringan seandainya sistem perangkap ini belum menggunakannya. Pasang katup uji untuk pembuangannya selama pengetesan aliran (start up). VENT dan DRAIN Vent adalah suatu alat pembuangan gas, udara atau uap air. sedangkan drain adalah suatu alat pembuangan zat cair. Pada sistem pembuangan yg terdapat pada pipa atau equipment, Vent dan Drain dalam cara kerjanya dapat dibagi dua bagian yaitu : bekerja dan tidak bekerja. Untuk Vent dan Drain yg dikelompokkan bekerja, dimaksudkan bahwa peralatan ini digunakan pada pipa atau equipment dalam keadaan bekerja dalam jangka waktu lama atau terus menerus. Vent dan Drain dikelompokkan tidak bekerja hanya digunakan pada waktu tertentu saja, misalnya pada saat pengetesan, start up atau shut down. Untuk Vent dan Drain pemasangannya haruslah disetujui piping engineering group terlebih dahulu, baik mengenai pemakaiannya maupun penempatannya. Selain itu harus pula diperhatikan pemasangan sumbat pada katupnya seperti plug atau blind flange. Untuk hal yg khusus yaitu aliran yg mempunyai tingkat bahaya tinggi, penempatannya dan penggunaannya harus benar-benar diperhitungkan serta dikontrol pelaksanaannya. Cara Penempatan Lokasi Vent dan Drain Penempatan vent dan drain haruslah benar-benar diperhitungkan sehingga penggunaannya benar-benar efektif serta aman. Jangan sampai pemasangan vent dan drain ini terbalik, akan hal ini akan berakibat fatal, misalnya untuk aliran beracun atau mudah terbakar. Penempatan vent pada pipa atau equipment diusahakan pada tempat yg paling tinggi karena fungsinya sebagai pembuangan ke udara. Begitu pula pada penempatan drain haruslah pada tempat yg rendah sesuai fungsinya sebagai pembuangan cairan atau pembersihan cairan serta pembuangan kotoran pada jalur pipa atau equipment. Jenis-Jenis, komponen dan perlengkapan <br /><br /><br />Jenis-jenis pipa, hose dan cubing pada dasarnya terdiri dari :<br /><br />1. Spiral welding pipe (pipa las spiral) <br />2. SMLS pipe (pipa tanpa sambungan) <br />3. Welded Pipe <br />4. SAW pipe <br />5. FBW pipe <br />6. C  W pipe <br />7. EFW pipe <br />8. ERW pipe <br />9. Lined Pipe <br />10. Hose <br />11. Tubing (cubing) <br />12. Pipe Niple (pipa nipel) <br /><br /><br /><br />Jenis-jenis flens (flanges) terdiri dari : <br />1. Blind flange (flens buta) <br />2. Weld neck flange (flens las di leher) <br />3. Weld neck orifice flange (flens orifis las di leher) <br />4. Slip on flange (flange sambungan langsung) <br />5. So. red flange (flens memperkecil sambungan sock) <br />6. SW red flange ( flens memperkecil sambungan sock di las) <br />7. Socket weld flange (flens sambungan sock di las) <br />8. Threaded flange (flens sambungan ulir) <br />9. Stub flange ( flens tonggak) <br />10. ST red flange (flens memperkecil ST) <br />11. LPA joint flange (flens sambungan LPA) <br />12. Socket type flange( flange tipe sock) <br />13. Weld neck red flange (flens memperkecil las dileher) <br /><br /><br />Jenis-jenis katup : <br />1. Gate Valve (katup pintu)= Fungsi untuk membuka & menutup sepenuhnya <br />2. Ball valve (katup bola)= Fungsi untuk membuka & menutup dan mangatur aliran fluida secara lebih cepat <br />3. Globe valve (katup dunia) = Fungsi untuk mengatur besar kecilnya aliran & tekanan <br />4. Check Valve (katup cek)= Fungsi untuk mencegah aliran ke satu arah saja <br />5. Butterfly valve (katup kupu-kupu)= Fungsi untuk membuka & menutup aliran lebih cepat <br />6. Diaphragma valve (katup diaphragma)= Fungsi untuk membuka & menutup dengan diaphragma <br />7. Knife gate valve (katup pintu pisau) <br />8. Needle valve (katup jarum) 9. Plug valve (katup sumbat) <br />10. Wafer check valve (katup cek wafer) <br /><br /><br />Jenis-jenis alat penyambung :<br /><br /> pada dasarnya alat penyambung ini dikelompokkan dalam dua bagian : <br /><br /> A. Sambungan dengan pengelasan <br /> B. Sambungan yg dilakukan dengan ulir <br /><br /><br /> A. Jenis sambungan dengan pengelasan : <br /> 1. 45 derajat elbow <br /> 2. 90 derajat elbow <br /> 3. 180 derajat elbow <br /> 4. Concentric reducer (pemerkecil sepusat) <br /> 5. Eccentric reducer ( pemerkecil tak sepusat) <br /> 6. Tee <br /> 7. Cross (silang) <br /> 8. Cap (tutup) <br /> 9. Red Tee (pemerkecil tee) <br /> 10. Swage concentric BSE (sweg sepusat ujung bevel) <br /> 11. Swage eccentric (sweg tak sepusat ujung bevel) <br /><br /> B. Jenis sambungan dengan ulir <br /> 1. Bushing (paking) <br /> 2. Cap (tutup) <br /> 3. Coupling <br /> 4. Red coupling (kopling pemerkecil) <br /> 5. 45 derajat elbow <br /> 6. 95 derajat elbow <br /> 7. 45 derajat lateral <br /> 8. Reducer (pemerkecil) <br /> 9. Tee <br /> 10. Red Tee <br /> 11. Cross (silang) <br /> 12. Plug (sumbat) <br /> 13. Union <br /> 14. Swage concentric (sweg sepusat) <br /> 15. Swage eccentric (sweg tak sepusat) <br /><br /> Jenis alat sambungan cubing <br /> 1. Male adapter (jantan) <br /> 2. Female adapter(betina) <br /> 3. Cap (tutup) <br /> 4. Male connection <br /> 5. Female connection <br /> 6. Plug (sumbat) <br /> 7. Male bulkhead (jantan kepala banyak) <br /> 8. Female bulkhead (betina kepala banyak) <br /> 9. 90 derajat union elbow (siku union 90 derajat) <br /> 10. Male 90 derajat elbow <br /> 11. Female 90 derajat elbow <br /> 12. Reducer (pemerkecil) <br /> 13. Insert (penyisip) <br /> 14. Union(union) <br /> 15. Union Tee <br /> 16. Red union (union pemerkecil) <br /> 17. Union cross <br /><br /><br /> Jenis-jenis alat sambungan cabang berupa olet : <br /> 1. Elbowlet (letakan siku) <br /> 2. Latrolet (olet lateral) <br /> 3. Sweepolet (olet corong) <br /> 4. Sockolet (olet sock) <br /> 5. Threadolet (olet ulir) <br /> 6. weldolet (olet las) <br /><br /><br /> Jenis-jenis perlengkapan khusus : <br /> 1. Spectacle blind (kacamata buta satu) <br /> 2. Blind and spacer (buta dan penjarak) <br /> 3. Line blind (buta jalur) <br /> 4. Spacer (penjarak) <br /> 5. Expantion joint <br /> 6. Hose connection <br /> 7. Swivel joint (sambungan swivel) <br /> 8. Steam Trap (perangkap uap) <br /> 9. Strainer (saringan) <br /> 10. Safety shower (pancuran pengaman) <br /> 11. Inline mixer (pengaduk dalam) <br /> 12. Exhaust head (kepala pembuangan) <br /> 13. Instruments <br /><br /> Jenis Gasket <br /> 1. Ring gasket <br /> 2. Oval ring gasket <br /> 3. Full face gasket <br /> 4. Flat ring gasket <br /> 5. Spiral gasket <br /><br /> Jenis bolt <br /> 1. Machine bolt (baut mesin) <br /> 2. Stud bolt (baut paku) <br /> 3. Cap screw (ulir penutup) <br /> 4. Hex bolt<br /> 5. Anchor bolt<br /><br /> SISTEM PERPIPAAN DAN DETAIL Pada dasarnya sistem pipa dan detail untuk setiap industri atau pengilangan tidaklah jauh berbeda, perbedaan-perbedaan mungkin terjadi hanya pada kondisi khusus atau batasan tertentu yg diminta pada setiap proyek. Pabrikasi pipa dapat dilakukan pada bengkel-bengkel di lapangan atau pada suatu pembuatan pipa khusus di suatu tempat lalu dikirim kelapangan, baik melalui transportasi laut atau darat, sehingga dilapangan hanya merupakan penyambungan saja. Hal ini menguntungkan dari segi waktu, ongkos kerja dan pekerjaan dilapangan. Pemilihan keputusan untuk pabrikasi pipa di suatu bengkel dilapangan atau di suatu tempat di luar lapangan bahkan dinegara lain, memerlukan perhitungan teknis dan ekonomis secara cermat. Pemasangan pekerjaan perpipaan dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga bagian sbb: <br /><br /> 1. Pipa diatas tanah <br /> 2. Pipa dibawah tanah <br /> 3. Pipa dibawah air ( didalam air) Pemasangan sistem perpipaan diketiga tempat ini baik pipa proses ,pipa utiliti mempunyai permasalahan masing-masing dan dalam buku ini hanya akan disinggung butir satu dua.<br /><br />PEMASANGAN PIPA DI ATAS TANAH Pemasangan ini dapat dilakukan pada rak pipa (pipe Rack), diatas penyangga penyangga pipa, atau diatas dudukan pipa (sleeper). Pada pemasangan pipa diatas tanah ini dapat pula dimasukkan pipa peralatan (equipment) yaitu yg meliputi pipa kolom dan vesel, pipa exchanger, pipa pompa dan turbin, pipa kompressor dan pipa utilitas.<br /> berikut akan dijelaskan sebagai berikut :<br />Pipa Kolom dan Vesel Pipa yg akan dipasang pada kolom dan vesel harus ditempatkan secara radial disekitar kolom di bagian jalur pipa, jalan orang, platform dibagian access. Untuk pipa 18" keatas bisa langsung dilas ke vesel, kecuali pertimbangan pemeliharaan dan akan digunakan sambungan flange. Sambungan dalam skirt tidak boleh ditempatkan katup atau flange. Penggunaan vent atmosferis berkatup dan bertudung harus disediakan pada tempat lokasi titik tertinggi dari vessel atau jalur pipa diatasnya, sedangkan drain dipasang pada tempat lokasi terendah yg akan ditentukan oleh P&ID. Katup pelepas tekanan yg membuang kedalam sistem blowdown tertutup harus ditinggikan guna memungkinkan bagian pengeluaran pengaliran sendiri ke dalam sistem blowdown. Katup pelepas tekanan yg membuang uap ke udara bebas harus dilengkapi dengan pipa paling sedikit tiga meter diatas setiap platform dalam radius 7.5 meter, juga disediakan lubang pembuangan yg besarnya 6 mm(1/4") dibawah pipa guna mencegah akumulasi cairan. Pipa Exchanger Pemasangan pipa pada exhcanger tidak boleh dipasang diatas daerah-daerah kanal, tutup shell dan fasilitas fasilitas lain yg telah terpasang pada exchanger atau handling yg suka digunakan. Ruang-ruang bebas untuk pemasangan flange exchanger harus disediakan. Spool dipasang diluar nozzle kapal guna memungkinkan pemindahan bundel pipa exchanger. Pipa Pompa Dan Turbin Pipa suction atau pipa yg mengalirkan aliran disebut juga pipa hisap harus diatur sedemikian rupa guna mencegah penurunan tekanan dan kantung uap yg dapat pula menimbulkan kavitasi pada impeler. Apabila perubahan ukuran diperlukan untuk mempercepat atau memperlambat aliran, maka reduser eksentris harus dipakai bilaman kantung tanpa vent tak dapat dihindari. Pemasangan pipa pada pompa dan turbin harus diatur sedemikian rupa, sehingga mudah untuk perawatan dan perbaikan. Hal ini penting untuk mencegah pembongkaran besar yg tak perlu pada pemeliharaan dan perbaikan pipa. Saringan permanen dan sementara harus disediakan pada inlet pompa dan turbin. Sedangkan untuk aliran panas dan dingin harus diperhatikan fleksibilitasnya, begitu pula kedudukan-kedudukan penyangga haruslah baik dan dapat mengatasi getaran-getaran yg diakibatkan motor pipa serta aliran. Pipa Kompresor Pemasangan pipa pada kompresor harus diatur perbaikan dan pemeliharaannya. Sambungan pipa dengan menggunakan flanges lebih diutamakan demi memperlancar jalannya perbaikan dan pemeliharaan. Pipa hisap (suction) dan buang (discharge) harus benar-benar diperhatikan fleksibilitasnya, terutama untuk temperatur rendah atau tinggi atau tekanan tinggi. Masalah getaran termasuk bagian terpenting pada pipa kompresor ini, akibat adanya beban dinamis yg berhubungan dengan kompresor ini. Karena itu masalah penyangga, guide dan anchor juga harus menjadi perhatianbagian perencana teknik. Pipa Utilitas Pemasangan pipa utilitas ini harus benar-benar direncanakan sehingga kebutuhan utilitas di proyek dapat terjangkau penggunaanya. Pipa utilitas seperti apa yg lain haruslah direncanakan beroperasi pada temperatur dan tekanan berapa. Perencanaan sub header haruslah dapat memenuhi daerah equipment proses atau kelompok peralatan lainnya yg memerlukan jalur utilitas. Sambungan cabang haruslah dibuat dari atas header. Apabila aliran utilitas berupa uap jangan lupa membuat kantung kantung uap pada setiap daerah titik terendah dimana aliran akan mendaki dan diperhitungkan tidak boleh lebih dari 40% tekanannya dalam jarak yg dihitung dalam feet.

ARTICLE BELAJAR TENTANG PIPA DAN KOMPONENNYA ( LEARN ABOUT PIPING )

BELAJAR TENTANG PIPA DAN KOMPONENNYA ( LEARN ABOUT PIPING ) Jenis Pipa : Dari sekian jenis pembuatan pipa secara umum dapat dikelompokkan me...

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BELAJAR FITTING DAN KOMPONENNYA ( LEARN ABOUT FITTING )

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE3jFr9jFf4wj6BePoTAzn9qdtInlmrDNdw0xMx-VGBId1P6f-Ik5zetppKGb_GflCaBobXNZ9iAtRbmq9_WLuDuYlUHl1aEuw3rYrhGSEzkNco6atNEYWS4b-wlybp1XEXk9Pdw8XVTI/s1600/fitting.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE3jFr9jFf4wj6BePoTAzn9qdtInlmrDNdw0xMx-VGBId1P6f-Ik5zetppKGb_GflCaBobXNZ9iAtRbmq9_WLuDuYlUHl1aEuw3rYrhGSEzkNco6atNEYWS4b-wlybp1XEXk9Pdw8XVTI/s1600/fitting.JPG" /></a></div>Fitting<br /><br />Fiting dibuat sebagai bagian dari suatu sistem pemipaan yang berfungsi untuk merubah arah aliran ( seperti Elbow ), membuat percabangan (seperti Tee ) atau mengecilkan ukuran pipa ( seperti  Reducer ), sebagaimana di tunjukan digambar atas.<br /><br />Elbow<br />1. Long radius  <br />    Jenis ini banyak digunakan besar radius nya adalah 11/2  Nominal Size nya.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLDJa6iVmfMjUPk78-0oxE6bA1g5l8e7VmAG6Xp5_alqk-CuEuB7EfPOcLKskKCnGv5N9pEIk0twYqo0igOWneSv9Pff48K_MyJZpcSm2slF-K_CBmXiCJL-PFfkqMucyHh9ei5DhNf7M/s1600/elbow-.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLDJa6iVmfMjUPk78-0oxE6bA1g5l8e7VmAG6Xp5_alqk-CuEuB7EfPOcLKskKCnGv5N9pEIk0twYqo0igOWneSv9Pff48K_MyJZpcSm2slF-K_CBmXiCJL-PFfkqMucyHh9ei5DhNf7M/s1600/elbow-.JPG" /></a></div><br /> 2. Short Radius<br />     Jenis ini sesuai dengan kebutuhan, karena khusus dan jarang di pergunakan. Kekhususan penggunaan nya di karenakan jenis elbow ini memiliki penurunan tekanan ( pressure drop ) yang   lebih besar dari pada yang long radius. Besar radius nya adalah 1 Nominal Size nya.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5d-zdo0kZXterLX7EZmaAL630-UREfTvBIQkMDS0wV9aTaanWU0hRrpVcyc3aHuJLc-VOCYnAhVXFGIw7-gzaps5ZEVIKA6TlM43X_ioJaOcLWFh-Tlsg0l1m4e8Bm0PkD4a9eqOJ_Ow/s1600/sr.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5d-zdo0kZXterLX7EZmaAL630-UREfTvBIQkMDS0wV9aTaanWU0hRrpVcyc3aHuJLc-VOCYnAhVXFGIw7-gzaps5ZEVIKA6TlM43X_ioJaOcLWFh-Tlsg0l1m4e8Bm0PkD4a9eqOJ_Ow/s1600/sr.JPG" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />3. Mitter Elbow ( Weld )<br />    Jenis ini terbuat dari potongan - potongan pipa. Penggunaan nya juga tertentu di karenakan tidak sehalus aliran elbow jenis lain.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhSdmLMuTPf8ld1Hv3heYH6E_5t7VckiLRconlOpJ0mfiiNFiQHLTG5SdQt3Y4zlcBuLAPRHoDRIeN6-DRuDm5mUIKYqxGODXLSbAQBP5CxXcRQkVpjcb-_sFr4Qsv1B4LCHN2PRTFOiE/s1600/mitter.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhSdmLMuTPf8ld1Hv3heYH6E_5t7VckiLRconlOpJ0mfiiNFiQHLTG5SdQt3Y4zlcBuLAPRHoDRIeN6-DRuDm5mUIKYqxGODXLSbAQBP5CxXcRQkVpjcb-_sFr4Qsv1B4LCHN2PRTFOiE/s1600/mitter.JPG" /></a></div><br />4. 45 Elbow ( Weld )<br />     Jenis ini adalh setengah dari elbow 90 derajat.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>Prmilihan nya selain untuk space yang lebih irit<br />juga irit material cost.<br /><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmTtgdFczbv_havzQJ7VuX073yEwFAjLX4jvwtS_3BF6Vk79akqgSAjnvt1BEeXLwKPMnSe0tn5kd2kqgsSoltApX_HoF-_DbEOjE-n-JHDrdFZcexBPpfhzontvDLvSO71HXWOicj9Y0/s1600/45.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmTtgdFczbv_havzQJ7VuX073yEwFAjLX4jvwtS_3BF6Vk79akqgSAjnvt1BEeXLwKPMnSe0tn5kd2kqgsSoltApX_HoF-_DbEOjE-n-JHDrdFZcexBPpfhzontvDLvSO71HXWOicj9Y0/s1600/45.JPG" /></a></div> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> Tee<br />Komponen pemipaan yang membuat percabangan dimana size cabang nya sama dengan size utamanya adalah Tee, sedangkan bila ukuran percabangan nya lebih kecil di sebut dengan Reducer Tee.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVRuH5NwlvFn238nqEft4hEcn-EPP3yqbBE-LQfZUSSWR-HrzZjgxq7o3iC8aKxpSmYep5pSfDSNajeGVXCJhOB6ngTfZ1eIMNlOUYexMUNqN753basowW7qGwHhREy8iiYG1AYDYsfK0/s1600/tee+%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVRuH5NwlvFn238nqEft4hEcn-EPP3yqbBE-LQfZUSSWR-HrzZjgxq7o3iC8aKxpSmYep5pSfDSNajeGVXCJhOB6ngTfZ1eIMNlOUYexMUNqN753basowW7qGwHhREy8iiYG1AYDYsfK0/s1600/tee+%25281%2529.JPG" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><br />Stub-in<br />Jenis percabangan yang langsung pada pipa utamanya. Jenis ini banyak di gunakan sebagai  alternatif dari penggunaan reducing tee, tetapi penggunaan nya di sesuaikan dengan kalkulasi dan dinyatakan pada class piping specification.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV1CnmnZ9za3_v0k6olC9Cbf3yT9VyAfENVrHf1AQ0F4wYa3H7TjTZFjPol52hluZ7jGrrCpLF7WEKXAmzZ5aYTirEPEDft-OJSeg8QgIg4wGMjh1dn5XA93aJmgB4YEPuhjU3jYyOWjI/s1600/stub+in.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV1CnmnZ9za3_v0k6olC9Cbf3yT9VyAfENVrHf1AQ0F4wYa3H7TjTZFjPol52hluZ7jGrrCpLF7WEKXAmzZ5aYTirEPEDft-OJSeg8QgIg4wGMjh1dn5XA93aJmgB4YEPuhjU3jYyOWjI/s1600/stub+in.JPG" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /> Berikut adalah jarak minimum pada pemasangan Stub-in<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi134myivp098mBPNT9vOmivEDCOuy9bR1Y9FIK4x42OJehw0NQVfBexg6oYvhPu35uoANVXeJgCL29F05jfrMUA-PqjHvFpMxbn430afbMr0o4B2xy835UPziRi_plEBT2bjW8rtHFZQ8/s1600/jarak+minimum+stub+in.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi134myivp098mBPNT9vOmivEDCOuy9bR1Y9FIK4x42OJehw0NQVfBexg6oYvhPu35uoANVXeJgCL29F05jfrMUA-PqjHvFpMxbn430afbMr0o4B2xy835UPziRi_plEBT2bjW8rtHFZQ8/s1600/jarak+minimum+stub+in.JPG" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> Bila service dan temperaturnya cukup tiinggi dan dari hasil perhitungan Stub-in tidak mencukupi maka harus di beri penguatan ( Reinforcment ), bisa berupa pad, sadkke ataupun o-let.<br /><br />Coupling<br />Jenis komponen pemipaan yang diperlukan pada sambungan ukuran kecil seperti Las- socket ( Socket weld ) dan ulir ( threaded ). umumnya di gunakan untuk koneksi instrumentasi.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieP9Kv1t3XbPc0MemOnTi9LLg6zH-sTEjON7xhgBv04HSU2Ip-4JjnKzibHe0UTgBLkeoBtRaGkIFhFb1Mzgz4d_HDzY8B4glnWeXa8JmZVNzMM06vNlUlFZ5kFL7jaRqVZELBiReBNfU/s1600/olet.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieP9Kv1t3XbPc0MemOnTi9LLg6zH-sTEjON7xhgBv04HSU2Ip-4JjnKzibHe0UTgBLkeoBtRaGkIFhFb1Mzgz4d_HDzY8B4glnWeXa8JmZVNzMM06vNlUlFZ5kFL7jaRqVZELBiReBNfU/s1600/olet.JPG" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />Reducer<br />Bila dalam sistem pemipaan di butuhkan adanya perubahan laju aliran atau perubahan ukuran, maka di butuhkan reducer fittting ini. ada 2 jenis reducer yang dipergunakan yaitu concentric dan<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>eccentric.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE5nSc0WQlJUDi7tkyjvbFFqXnU2ngNuLFZJ8tYICLwx-lELaXSIbXv0PVEdRObyDAK-n7KqLQ5pegIk5R8z0WrCNHuuMIQTTb1YeeG2fs5frBBturOZ0eAi_sBzDuliJPZgvI2vz28po/s1600/reducer.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE5nSc0WQlJUDi7tkyjvbFFqXnU2ngNuLFZJ8tYICLwx-lELaXSIbXv0PVEdRObyDAK-n7KqLQ5pegIk5R8z0WrCNHuuMIQTTb1YeeG2fs5frBBturOZ0eAi_sBzDuliJPZgvI2vz28po/s1600/reducer.JPG" width="320" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Cap<br />Untuk mengakhiri suatu line pemipaan ( titik buntu ), maka di pergunakan cap.<br /><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy-kNW72-YqTSf70tEp3PuRG-SrgN_RJIB2vTnvHLJoeNimmiqWK4Q-7gXtoaE_fH2yMFm8_WtBghVHX7z4GORIpH6C2ZfK7fuAXBgUtCYw1n1KwRGA7vBOb9LX6JWOgTruX5BxhLPaA4/s1600/cap+(1).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="124" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy-kNW72-YqTSf70tEp3PuRG-SrgN_RJIB2vTnvHLJoeNimmiqWK4Q-7gXtoaE_fH2yMFm8_WtBghVHX7z4GORIpH6C2ZfK7fuAXBgUtCYw1n1KwRGA7vBOb9LX6JWOgTruX5BxhLPaA4/s1600/cap+(1).JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><br />Fitting make-up<br />Pada situasi tertentu dalam desain pemipaan, bisa karena space yang sempit maka dilakuakan penyhambungan antar fitting tanpa ada spool pipa, hal ini deikenal dengan fitting make-up.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEHM4OQSO-mAq-KjBF0OwBaGCvK0d2gKbhBVeMxfBZhKw2McwiaxxTQwC04wWJHaybRlVg6eGpkXfmoNpQlcNWiJn-hYlbJvh4HWrmRClHfgOqvd0coubRmOSGK1mS_k3WQZ_QKA_2xEA/s1600/fm.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEHM4OQSO-mAq-KjBF0OwBaGCvK0d2gKbhBVeMxfBZhKw2McwiaxxTQwC04wWJHaybRlVg6eGpkXfmoNpQlcNWiJn-hYlbJvh4HWrmRClHfgOqvd0coubRmOSGK1mS_k3WQZ_QKA_2xEA/s1600/fm.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><br />Ulir fitting & las socket ( threaded & las shocket weld )<br />Untuk pipa ukuran kecil atau koneksi ke instrumenttasi biasanya dipergunakan sambungan ini. <br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvx2NWXGYzcVBjj5QjWqCUxITiYmgDjBn3s6QcULdzzBhBLNsOYxZYcsb2fWIlaNEZa5nV2AjaPAwzNZ8JSA361puDUTP0_RwpnuMu8h8f2XYIB0TtumBTeUKabewtF6cpTcmh9_AzpEM/s1600/screw+fit.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvx2NWXGYzcVBjj5QjWqCUxITiYmgDjBn3s6QcULdzzBhBLNsOYxZYcsb2fWIlaNEZa5nV2AjaPAwzNZ8JSA361puDUTP0_RwpnuMu8h8f2XYIB0TtumBTeUKabewtF6cpTcmh9_AzpEM/s1600/screw+fit.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTLGKdUZ_xTFxpS7nCFQ0ovCNb-uheRW-nDclPF9zBlgNzHTmfCqfgAsULbIlMS4yFNJfPjpO26HdcYekL2m9dX3_iORwGHoc1GrE3TtonXT4xaUNnX3PAaXOFC4P1Wdq022PfjTUMMII/s1600/fitttt.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTLGKdUZ_xTFxpS7nCFQ0ovCNb-uheRW-nDclPF9zBlgNzHTmfCqfgAsULbIlMS4yFNJfPjpO26HdcYekL2m9dX3_iORwGHoc1GrE3TtonXT4xaUNnX3PAaXOFC4P1Wdq022PfjTUMMII/s1600/fitttt.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF3-TQTSHYGKyhhPNioPBhKpddtg4X9yKmt3YM4BHZid8_m-9cAnG6rQtnrXLdi-_chSKMAm9pj7gEIf9Yyq9acQ2nmquPGYItYbUZ36IBMxFybWAzU3NPPy8CFdw4SaKzVVAPNZo8EkM/s1600/sock+weld+fitt.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF3-TQTSHYGKyhhPNioPBhKpddtg4X9yKmt3YM4BHZid8_m-9cAnG6rQtnrXLdi-_chSKMAm9pj7gEIf9Yyq9acQ2nmquPGYItYbUZ36IBMxFybWAzU3NPPy8CFdw4SaKzVVAPNZo8EkM/s1600/sock+weld+fitt.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Pipe niples<br />Untuk penyambungan dengan ulir dan las socket ini tidak bisa dilakukan decara fiitinga make-up, karena dibuthkan spool , spool pipa ini dikenal dengan nipple. panjanga nya nipple bervariasi tergantung dari kebutuhan.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKrVjpFDkaL5fyUm2kiR-Dpe8elg4G9RQSAIiUfJOpJRMcp1m3OxrFszigAl7rrHE83sgKQ5FQeOoNQuvUNjLZMUYIB6b20yt8pLtI2WyRoxy3_mUaBlPq0lgRI-AtfQSOSGIYyNpf8EE/s1600/pipe_nipple.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKrVjpFDkaL5fyUm2kiR-Dpe8elg4G9RQSAIiUfJOpJRMcp1m3OxrFszigAl7rrHE83sgKQ5FQeOoNQuvUNjLZMUYIB6b20yt8pLtI2WyRoxy3_mUaBlPq0lgRI-AtfQSOSGIYyNpf8EE/s1600/pipe_nipple.jpg" width="265" /></a></div><br /><br /><br />Swage<br />Untuk merubah ukuran pipa pada diameter pipa yang kecil dikenal dengan swage, yang koneksinya adalh ulir atau las socket. jadi fungsi nya sama dengan reducer dan jenis nya ada yang concentric dan eccentric.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0QeRKyH6tIgPgVyFQdUgyBHSowPtpLsiOn4z7ODfXUSvh767AzQSXoegL3tJmsUhE1rdB929spBbGBeyPl2_1dcOaWZWvEzaP3ssECHNpvv9s1V3UiSvPPM1LNxvogBN4JFacxoT2rh4/s1600/swage_nipple.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0QeRKyH6tIgPgVyFQdUgyBHSowPtpLsiOn4z7ODfXUSvh767AzQSXoegL3tJmsUhE1rdB929spBbGBeyPl2_1dcOaWZWvEzaP3ssECHNpvv9s1V3UiSvPPM1LNxvogBN4JFacxoT2rh4/s1600/swage_nipple.gif" width="252" /></a></div><br />

ARTICLE BELAJAR FITTING DAN KOMPONENNYA ( LEARN ABOUT FITTING )

Fitting Fiting dibuat sebagai bagian dari suatu sistem pemipaan yang berfungsi untuk merubah arah aliran ( seperti Elbow ), membuat percaban...

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ASTM INTERNATIONAL

ASTM International - American Society for Testing and Materials - is a scientific and technical organization that develops and publishes voluntary standards on the characteristics of material, products, systems and services<br /><br /><br /><br />ASTM International, originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is one of the largest voluntary standards development organizations in the world - a trusted source for technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services.<br /><br />The standards includes test procedures for determining or verifying characteristics as chemical composition, measuring performance. The standards cover refined materials as steel and basic products as machinery and fabricated equipment.<br /><br />The ASTM standards are published in a set of 67 volumes in 16 sections:<br /><br />Volume 00.01 - Subject Index - Alphanumeric List<br />Section 1 - Iron and Steel Products<br />Volume 01.01 - Steel - Piping, Tubing, Fittings<br />Volume 01.02 - Ferrous Castings; Ferroalloys<br />Volume 01.03 - Steel - Plate, Sheet, Strip, Wire; Stainless Steel Bar<br />Volume 01.04 - Steel - Structural, Reinforcing, Pressure Vessel, Railway<br />Volume 01.05 - Steel - Bars, Forgings, Bearing, Chain, Springs<br />Volume 01.06 - Coated Steel Products<br />Volume 01.07 - Ships and Marine Technology<br />Volume 01.08 - Fasteners<br />Section 2 - Nonferrous Metal Products<br />Volume 02.01 - Copper and Copper Alloys<br />Volume 02.02 - Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys<br />Volume 02.03 - Electrical Conductors<br />Volume 02.04 - Metals: Nickel, Cobalt, Lead, Tin, Zinc, Cadmium, Precious, Reactive, Refractory Metals and Alloys; Materials for Thermostats, Electrical Testing and Resistance, Contacts, Connectors<br />Volume 02.05 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings; Metal Powders; Sintered P/M Structural Parts<br />Section 3 - Metals Test Methods and Analytical Procedures<br />Volume 03.01 - Metals - Mechanical Testing; Elevated and Low-Temperature Tests; Metallography<br />Volume 03.02 - Wear and Erosion; Metal Corrosion<br />Volume 03.03 - Nondestructive Testing<br />Volume 03.04 - Magnetic Properties<br />Volume 03.05 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (I): E 32 to E 1724<br />Volume 03.06 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (II): E356 to latest; Molecular Spectroscopy; Surface Analysis<br />Section 4 - Construction<br />Volume 04.01 - Cement, Lime; Gypsum<br />Volume 04.02 - Concrete and Aggregates<br />Volume 04.03 - Road and Paving Materials; Vehicle-Pavement Systems<br />Volume 04.04 - Roofing and Waterproofing<br />Volume 04.05 - Roofing, Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials<br />Volume 04.06 - Thermal Insulation; Environmental Acoustics<br />Volume 04.07 - Building Seals and Sealants; Fire Standards; Dimension Stone<br />Volume 04.08 - Soil and Rock (I): D 420 to D 5779<br />Volume 04.09 - Soil and Rock (II): D 5780 - latest; Geosynthetics<br />Volume 04.10 - Wood<br />Volume 04.11 - Building Construction<br />Volume 04.12 - Building Constructions (II): E 1672 - latest; Property Management Systems<br />Volume 04.13 - Geosynthetics<br />Section 5 - Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels<br />Volume 05.01 - Petroleum Products and Lubricants (I): D 56 - D 2596<br />Volume 05.02 - Petroleum Products and Lubricants (II): D 2597 - D 4927<br />Volume 05.03 - Petroleum Products and Lubricants (III): D 4928 - D 5950<br />Volume 05.04 - Petroleum Products and Lubricants (IV): D 5966 - latest<br />Volume 05.05 - Test Methods for Rating Motor, Diesel, and Aviation Fuels; Catalysts; Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products<br />Volume 05.06 - Gaseous Fuels; Coal and Coke<br />Section 6 - Paints, Related Coatings, and Aromatics<br />Volume 06.01 - Paint - Tests for Chemical, Physical, and Optical Properties; Appearance<br />Volume 06.02 - Paint - Products and Applications; Protective Coatings; Pipeline Coatings<br />Volume 06.03 - Paint - Pigments, Drying Oils, Polymers, Resins, Naval Stores, Cellulosic Esters, and Ink Vehicles<br />Volume 06.04 - Paint - Solvents; Aromatic Hydrocarbons<br />Section 7 - Textiles<br />Volume 07.01 - Textiles (I): D76 - D3218<br />Volume 07.02 - Textiles (II): D3333 - latest<br />Section 8 - Plastics<br />Volume 08.01 - Plastics (I): D 256 - D 2343<br />Volume 08.02 - Plastics (II): D 2383 - D 4322<br />Volume 08.03 - Plastics (III): D 4329 - latest<br />Volume 08.04 - Plastic Pipe and Building Products<br />Section 9 - Rubber<br />Volume 09.01 - Rubber, Natural and Synthetic -- General Test Methods; Carbon Black<br />Volume 09.02 - Rubber Products, Industrial - Specifications and Related Test Methods: Gaskets; Tires<br />Section 10 - Electrical Insulation and Electronics<br />Volume 10.01 - Electrical Insulation (I): D 69 - D 2484<br />Volume 10.02 - Electrical Insulation (II): D 2518 - latest<br />Volume 10.03 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases; Electrical Protective Equipment<br />Volume 10.04 - Electronics<br />Section 11 - Water and Environmental Technology<br />Volume 11.01 - Water (I)<br />Volume 11.02 - Water (II)<br />Volume 11.03 - Atmospheric Analysis; Occupational Health and Safety; Protective Clothing<br />Volume 11.04 - Environmental Assessment; Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Responses; Waste Management<br />Volume 11.05 - Biological Effects and Environmental Fate; Biotechnology; Pesticides<br />Section 12 - Nuclear, Solar, and Geothermal Energy<br />Volume 12.01 - Nuclear Energy (I)<br />Volume 12.02 - Nuclear Energy (II), Solar, and Geothermal Energy<br />Section 13 - Medical Devices and Services<br />Volume 13.01 - Medical Devices; Emergency Medical Services<br />Volume 13.02 - Emergency Medical Services, Search and Rescue<br />Section 14 - General Methods and Instrumentation<br />Volume 14.01 - Healthcare Informatics<br /> Volume 14.02 - General Test Methods; Forensic Sciences; Terminology; Conformity Assessment; Statistical Methods<br />Volume 14.03 - Temperature Measurement<br />Volume 14.04 - Laboratory Apparatus; Degradation of Materials; SI; Oxygen Fire Safety<br />Section 15 - General Products, Chemical Specialties, and End Use Products<br />Volume 15.01 - Refractures; Activated Carbon; Advanced Ceramics<br />Volume 15.02 - Glass; Ceramic Whitewares<br />Volume 15.03 - Space Simulation; Aerospace and Aircraft; High Modulus Fibers<br />Volume 15.04 - Soaps and Other Detergents; Polishes; Leather; Resilient Floor Coverings<br />Volume 15.05 - Engine Coolants; Halogenated Organic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents; Industrial and Specialty Chemicals<br />Volume 15.06 - Adhesives<br />Volume 15.07 - Sport Equipment; Safety and Traction for Footwear; Amusement Rides; Consumer Products<br />Volume 15.08 - Sensory Evaluation; Vacuum Cleaners; Security Systems; Detention Facilities; Food Service Equipment<br />Volume 15.09 - Paper; Packaging; Flexible Barrier Materials; Business Imaging Products

ARTICLE ASTM INTERNATIONAL

ASTM International - American Society for Testing and Materials - is a scientific and technical organization that develops and publishes vol...

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VALVE STANDARDS

Valve Standards<br />International standards for valves in piping systems<br />Sponsored Links<br /><br /><br />API - Valve Standards<br />An overview of the American Petroleum Institute - API - valve standards<br /><br />ASME - Valve Standards<br />An overview of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers - ASME - valve standards<br /><br />ASTM - Valve Standards<br />An overview of ASTM International - American Society for Testing and Materials - valve standards<br /><br />BSi - British Standard Valves<br />An overview of BSi - British Standard institute valve standards<br /><br />Chinese Valve Standards<br />Chinese standards for steel, cast iron and metal valves<br /><br />Chinese and International Valve Standards<br />Chinese valve standards compared with the international ISO, ASTM , ASME, ANSI, MSS, API and JIS standards<br /><br />Comparing American and British Piping Standards<br />Comparing US American (ASTM) and British (BSi) piping standards - specifications, grades and material descriptions<br /><br />DIN - Valve Standards<br />An overview of DIN - Deutsches Institut für Normung - valve standards<br /><br />ISO Valve Standards<br />An overview of International Organization for Standardization - ISO - valve standards<br /><br />JIS - Flanges, Bolts, Nuts, and Gaskets Standards<br />Japanese industrial flanges, bolts, nuts, and gaskets standards and specifications from JAS - the Japanese Standards Association<br /><br />JIS - Valve Standards<br />Japanese industrial valve standards and specifications from JAS - the Japanese Standards Association<br /><br />MSS - Valve Standards<br />Manufacturers Standardization Society - MSS - of the Valve and Fittings Industry - valve standards<br /><br />Plastic Materials Commonly Used in Valves<br />An introduction to plastic materials commonly used in valves<br /><br />SAE Valve Standards<br />SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers - valve standards<br /><br />Safety Valve Standards<br />An survey of international safety valve standards. The most common used standards in Germany, UK, USA, France, Japan, Australia and Europe<br /><br />Safety Valves in Heating Systems<br />Boilers 275 to 1500 kW and Safety Valves<br /><br />Temperature Pressure ratings Valves<br />Temperature and pressure ratings of valves according API 6D<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Kami sebagai Supplier dan Distributor melayani pengiriman ke seluruh Indonesia yaitu Bandung , Jakarta ,  Bogor ,  Depok ,  Tangerang ,  Bekasi ,  Cikarang ,  Banten  , Cilegon ,  Merak ,  Serang  , Semarang ,  Kendal  , Batang Pekalongan ,  Pemalang ,  Tegal  , Brebes  , Cilacap ,  Banyumas ,  Purwokerto ,  Purbalingga ,  Kebumen ,  Banjarnegara ,  Yogyakarta  , Jogja  , Surabaya ,  Madura ,  Sumatera  , Sabang ,  Aceh  , Medan ,  Palembang ,  Padang ,  Jambi ,  Pekanbaru  , Batam ,  Lampung  , Bengkulu  , Bangka Belitung ,  Pangkal Pinang  , Tanjung Pinang  , Bali  , Kalimantan  , Pontianak  , Palangkaraya ,  Banjarmasin ,  Samarinda  , Balikpapan  , Kutai  , Kukar  , Sulawesi ,  Manado  , Gorontalo ,  Makassar ,  Mamuju  , Palu  , Kendari  , Ujung Pandang ,  Maluku  , Ternate ,  Nusa Tenggara  , Sumbawa  , Mataram  , Kupang ,  Irian Jaya  , Papua ,  Manokwari  , Jayapura ,  Merauke.<br /><br />Kami Supplier yang menyediakan keperluan industri seperti Stainless Steel,Fitting, Flange, Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Valve, Orifice, Pipa, SWG, Spiral Wound Gasket, Stud Bolt, Baut, Ring Joint <br /><br />Thank's For Visit http://www.jualbautmur.blogspot.com

ARTICLE VALVE STANDARDS

Valve Standards International standards for valves in piping systems Sponsored Links API - Valve Standards An overview of the American Petro...

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ASME

<h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-bottom-color: grey; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: 'bitstream vera sans', sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">ASME is one of the leading organizations in the world developing codes and standards</h2><br />ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers - is a 120,000-member professional organization focused on technical, educational and research issues of the engineering and technology community. ASME conducts one of the world's largest technical publishing operations, holds numerous technical conferences worldwide, and offers hundreds of professional development courses each year. ASME sets internationally recognized industrial and manufacturing codes and standards that enhance public safety.<br /><br />The work of the Society is performed by its member-elected Board of Governors and through its five Councils, 44 Boards and hundreds of Committees in 13 regions throughout the world.<br /><br />Technical Divisions and Subdivisions<br />Advancing the science and practice of mechanical engineering is the responsibility of the Society's 37 Technical Divisions and Subdivisions, which span a vast array of disciplines, technologies and industries:<br /><br />Advanced Energy Systems - Promotes the advancement of emerging energy conversion devices and processes, such as hydrogen technologies, fuel cells and heat pumps, and understanding of thermo economics.<br />Aerospace - Concerns mechanical engineering of aircraft and manned/unmanned spacecraft design, including adaptive structures and materials, propulsion systems and life support equipment.<br />Applied Mechanics - Advances the study of how media, including solids, fluids and systems, respond to external stimuli, as well as the specialized areas of shock and vibration and computer applications.<br />Bioengineering - Focused on the application of mechanical engineering principles to the conception, design, development, analysis and operation of biomechanical systems.<br />Computers & Information in Engineering - Concerned with the application of emerging computer simulation technology to enhance the entire engineering process.<br />Design Engineering - Addresses the design concepts of machines and mechanisms, such as fastening/joining methods and gearing, as well as design aspects affecting reliability and manufacturability.<br />Dynamic Systems & Control - Concentrates on control methods and devices, from servomechanisms and regulators to automatic controls, for dynamic systems involving forces, motion and/or the flow of energy or material.<br />Electronic & Photonic Packaging - Fosters cooperation on mechanical engineering considerations of microelectronics, photonics, microwave and microelectromechanical systems design and manufacturing.<br />Environmental Engineering - Concerns air, ground and water pollution control technologies, including environmental remediation and mixed hazardous/radioactive waste management.<br />Fluids Engineering - Involved in fluid mechanics in all types of systems and processes involving fluid flow, including pumps, turbines, compressors, pipelines, biological fluid elements and hydraulic structures.<br />Fluid Power Systems & Technology - Advances the design and analysis of fluid power components, such as hydraulic and pneumatic actuators, pumps, motors and modulating components, in various systems and applications.<br />Fuels & Combustion Technologies - Dedicated to the understanding of fuels and combustion systems in modern utility and industrial power plants, including fuels handling, preparation, processing and by-product emissions controls.<br />Heat Transfer - Enhances the theory and application of heat transfer in equipment and thermodynamic processes in all fields of mechanical engineering and related technologies.<br />Information Storage & Processing Systems - Focuses on the mechanics of electronic information storage devices and their manufacture, with primary focus on rigid and floppy disks, magnetic tape, VCR and optical disk technologies.<br />Internal Combustion Engine - Furthers mechanical engineering of all types of reciprocating combustion engines, including diesel and spark ignited engines for mobile, marine, rail and stationary power generation applications.<br />International Gas Turbine Institute - Supports the design, manufacture and operation of gas turbine and aeroengine machinery in various applications, including aircraft, marine and electric power generation.<br />Management - Concerns the management of the engineering process to control resources, both human and material, to improve the quality of products and services provided by organizations.<br />Manufacturing Engineering - Fosters the transfer of technology related to manufacturing systems for improved production performance, including machine tools, computer integrated manufacturing and robotics.<br />Materials - Focuses on the properties of materials, such as metals, ceramics, composites and polymers, and its influence on design consideration in materials selection for engineering structures.<br />Materials Handling Engineering - Promotes the dissemination and application of technological advancements in material transport systems through mechanical engineering, systems engineering and information technology.<br />Microelectromechanical Systems Subdivision - Furthers developments of miniature devices combining electrical, mechanical, optical, chemical and/or biological components fabricated via integrated circuit or similar manufacturing techniques.<br />Noise Control & Acoustics - Advances the application of physical principles of acoustics to the solution of noise control problems, as well as the uses of acoustics in industrial applications.<br />NonDestructive Evaluation Engineering - Covers the evaluation of critical system components for material/defect/structure characterization through nondestructive methods, such as ultrasonics, radiography and other techniques.<br />Nuclear Engineering - Concerns the design, development, testing, operation and maintenance of nuclear reactor systems and components, fusion, heat transport, nuclear fuels technology and radioactive waste.<br />Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engineering - Promotes international technological progress in the recovery of energy resources in offshore and arctic environments, as well as systems, equipment and vehicles for underwater sea usage.<br />Petroleum - Covers mechanical systems used in the entire area of petroleum drilling, production, refining, processing, and transportation, as well as management and environmental concerns.<br />Pipeline Systems Division - Promotes pipeline systems technology, including automation, rotating equipment, geotechnics, heat transfer, offshore, materials, GIS, database, environmental issues, design, construction, and integrity.<br />Plant Engineering & Maintenance - Focuses on the design, fabrication, installation, operation and maintenance of manufacturing systems, equipment, processes and facilities to create products of enhanced value.<br />Power - Disseminates information on the research, design, operation, economics, and environmental effects of fossil-fired thermal power generation systems, including hydroelectric.<br />Pressure Vessels & Piping - Concerns the design, fabrication, inspection, operation and failure prevention of power boilers, heating boilers, pipelines, pumps, valves and other pressure-bearing components and vessels.<br />Process Industries - Focuses on the design of systems and machines for heating, cooling or treating industrial fluids and gases, including the efficient management and control of the processes themselves.<br />Rail Transportation - Covers the mechanical design, construction, operation and maintenance of locomotives, freight, passenger and commuter cars in railroads and mass transit systems.<br />Safety Engineering & Risk Analysis - Promotes practices that lead to reduced risk and loss prevention by creating safer products, processes, and occupational environments.<br />Solar Energy - Concerned with all aspects of solar-derived energy for mechanical and electrical power generation, as well as wind energy and ocean thermal energy conversion.<br />Solid Waste Processing - Addresses the design, construction and operation of solid waste processing and disposal facilities, including waste-to-energy combustors, materials recovery/recycling, landfills and composting.<br />Technology & Society - Covers all issues concerning the inter-relationships between technological innovation and the world community, as well as the social responsibility of the engineer.<br />Textile Engineering - Focuses on product and process technology for the improvement of fiber, composite material, textile, and apparel manufacturing operations, machinery and instrumentation.<br />Tribology - Involved in all aspects of friction, lubrication and wear in mechanical designs and manufacturing processes, as well as its economic impact on system reliability and maintainability.<br />Popular Publications from ASME<br />The ASME committees within the different divisions and subdivisions develops, updates and publish some of the worlds most used codes and standards. Some of the popular titles are:<br /><br />ASME 2004 Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code - The Code, which is issued once every three years, is comprised of 28 separate volumes which establish rules of safety governing the design, fabrication and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels, including nuclear power systems. The Code has been updated to incorporate advancements in boiler and pressure vessel design, materials and applications, and provides the latest information to maintain ASME Code Symbol Stamps.<br /><br />ASME A17-CD - CD-ROM for Elevators and Escalators. Includes: A17.1 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators - A17.2 Guide for Inspection of Elevators, Escalators and Moving Walks - A17.3 Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators<br /><br />ASME B31.1 - 2001 Power Piping - The code prescribes minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of power and auxiliary service piping systems for electric generation stations, industrial institutional plants, central and district heating plants. The code covers boiler external piping for power boilers and high temperature, high pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 PSIG; and high temperature water is generated at pressures exceeding 160 PSIG and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F.<br /><br />ASME B31.3 - 2002 Process Piping - The Code contains rules for piping typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and terminals. The Code prescribes requirements for materials and components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping. The Code applies to piping for all fluids including: (1) raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals; (2) petroleum products; (3) gas, steam, air and water; (4) fluidized solids; (5) refrigerants; and (6) cryogenic fluids. Also included is piping which interconnects pieces or stages within a packaged equipment assembly.<br /><br />ASME V14.5M - 1994 Dimensioning and Tolerance - The standard establishes uniform practices for stating and interpreting dimensioning, tolerances, and related requirements for use on engineering drawings and in related documents. For a mathematical explanation of many of the principles in this standard, see ASME Y14.5.1m. Practices unique to architectural and civil engineering, land, welding symbology are not included.<br /><br />ASME B16.5 - 1996 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings - The Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 and in rating Classes 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500. Flanges and flanged fittings may be cast, forged, or (for blind flanges and certain reducing flanges only) plate materials as listed in Table 1A. Requirements and recommendations regarding bolting and gaskets are also included.<br /><br />ASME B31.4 - 1998 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and other Liquids - The Code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, and testing of piping transporting liquids such as crude oil, condensate, natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid anhydrous ammonia and liquid petroleum products between producers' lease facilities, tank farms, natural gas processing plants, refineries, stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail and truck) and other delivery and receiving points. Piping consists of pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices, fittings and the pressure containing parts of other piping components. It also includes hangers and supports, and other equipment items necessary to prevent overstressing the pressure containing parts. It does not include support structures such as frames of buildings, buildings stanchions or foundations or any equipment such as defined in para. 400.1.2(B). Requirements for offshore pipelines are found in Chapter IX. Also included within the scope of this Code are: (A) Primary and associated auxiliary liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping at pipeline terminals (marine, rail and truck), tank farms, pump stations, pressure reducing stations and metering stations, including scraper traps, strainers, and prover loop; (B) Storage and working tanks including pipe-type storage fabricated from pipe and fittings, and piping interconnecting these facilities; (C) Liquid petroleum and liquid anhydrous ammonia piping located on property which has been set aside for such piping within petroleum refinery, natural gasoline, gas processing, ammonia, and bulk plants; (D) Those aspects of operation and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems relating to the safety and protection of the general public, operating company personnel, environment, property and the piping systems.<br /><br />

ARTICLE ASME

ASME is one of the leading organizations in the world developing codes and standards ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers - is a ...

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ANSI

<br /><h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-bottom-color: grey; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: 'bitstream vera sans', sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">ANSI provides a forum for development of American national standards</h2><br />The American National Standards Institute - ANSI - is a private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system.<br /><br />ANSI provides a forum for development of American national standards from organizations as <br /><br />ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers<br />NFPA - National Fire Protection Association and more, <br />and serves as a coordination point for national distribution of international standards issued from organizations as <br /><br />ISO - International Organization for Standardization,<br />DIN - Deutsches Institut für Normung eV, <br />IEC - International Electro technical Commission and others.<br />Many of committees are chaired and sponsored by engineering societies such as <br /><br />ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers and <br />IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.<br />Safety is the basic objective in the standards developed by ANSI. The ANSI standards include prohibition for practices considered unsafe.<br /><br />Some of the ANSI codes may eventually become known as ASME standards - as the ANSI B31 Pressure Piping Code is changed to ASME B31.

ARTICLE ANSI

ANSI provides a forum for development of American national standards The American National Standards Institute - ANSI - is a private, non-pr...

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PIPING CODES AND STANDARTS

ANSI - American National Standards Institute<br />ANSI provides a forum for development of American national standards<br /><br />ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers<br />ASME is one of the leading organizations in the world developing codes and standards<br /><br />ASME - International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code<br />The International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code establishes rules of safety governing the design, fabrication, and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels, and nuclear power plant components during construction<br /><br />ASME - Performance Test Codes<br />The ASME Performance Test Codes provide standard directions and rules for conducting and reporting tests<br /><br />ASME B31 - Standards of Pressure Piping<br />A survey of one of the most important pressure pipe codes - ASME B31, earlier known as ANSI B31<br /><br />ASME B31.9 - Working Pressure and Temperature Limits<br />The working pressure and temperature limits of ASME Code B31.9 - Building Services Piping<br /><br />ASME/ANSI B16 - Standards of Pipes and Fittings<br />The ASME B16 Standards covers pipes and fittings in cast iron , cast bronze, wrought copper and steel<br /><br />ASTM International<br />ASTM International - American Society for Testing and Materials - is a scientific and technical organization that develops and publishes voluntary standards on the characteristics of material, products, systems and services<br /><br />ASTM International - Standards for Steel Pipes, Tubes and Fittings<br />The ASTM standards covers various types of steel pipes, tubes and fittings for high-temperature service, ordinary use and special applications such as fire protection use<br /><br />ASTM International - Volume 01.01 Steel - Piping, Tubing, Fittings<br />An overview of the ASTM Volume 01.01 standard<br /><br />BSi - Pipe, Tube and Fittings Standards and Specifications<br />British standards and specifications for pipe, tube and fittings<br /><br />Bronze Flanges - ASME/ANSI 150 lb<br />Flange diameters, thickness, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts for ASME/ANSI B16.15 - Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings - 150 lb Bronze flanges with plain faces<br /><br />Bronze Flanges - ASME/ANSI 300 lb<br />Flange diameters, thickness, bolt circles, numbers and diameter of bolts for ASME/ANSI B16.15 - Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings - 300 lb Bronze Flanges with plain faces<br /><br />CTS CPVC Tube Dimensions<br />CTS (Copper Tube Size) CPVC tubes according ASTM D 2846<br /><br />Carbon Steel Flanges - Pressure and Temperature Ratings - Group 1.1<br />Maximum temperature and pressure ratings of flanges conforming dimensions ASME B16.5 and materials specification ASTM A-105<br /><br />Carbon Steel Pipes - Comparing American & European Specifications<br />Comparing standards of carbon steel pipes from USA, Germany, UK and Sweden<br /><br />Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels Classification<br />Steel is considered to be carbon steel when no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt, columbium (niobium), molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium or zirconium<br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 150<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 150 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Sponsored Links<br /><br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 1500<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 1500 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 2500<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 2500 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 300<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 300 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 400<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 400 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 600<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 600 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 900<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 900 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Welding Neck Flange Bores<br />Flange bores of welding neck flanges according ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings<br /><br />Cast Iron<br />There are four basic types of cast iron - white iron, gray iron, ductile iron and malleable iron<br /><br />Cast Iron Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 125<br />ASME/ANSI B16.1 - 1998 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 125 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Cast Iron Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 25<br />ASME/ANSI B16.1 - 1998 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 25 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Cast Iron Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 250<br />ASME/ANSI B16.1 - 1998 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 250 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Comparing American and British Piping Standards<br />Comparing US American (ASTM) and British (BSi) piping standards - specifications, grades and material descriptions<br /><br />Cross Reference of ASTM Material Specifications<br />Fittings, Flanges, Unions and Cast and Forged Valves<br /><br />DIN - Pipe, Tube and Fittings Standards and Specifications<br />Deutsches Institut für Normung - DIN - pipe, tube and fittings standards and specifications<br /><br />Download ANSI, American National Standards Institute, Standards<br />ANSI is a private, not-for-profit, membership organization that acts not as a standards developer, but as a standards coordinating and approval body<br /><br />Fiberglass Pipes - common Standards<br />Commonly used standards for fiberglass pipes and their applications<br /><br />Flanges - API vs. ASME/ANSI<br />Comparing API and ASME/ANSI flanges dimensions and pressure ratings<br /><br />Fluids and Identifying Colors<br />Identifying colors of some typical fluids in piping systems<br /><br />HVAC Abbreviations<br />Some commonly used standard HVAC abbreviations<br /><br />ISO - Pipe, Tube and Fittings Standards and Specifications<br />International Organization for Standardization - ISO - pipe, tube and fittings standards and specifications<br /><br />JIS - Flanges, Bolts, Nuts, and Gaskets Standards<br />Japanese industrial flanges, bolts, nuts, and gaskets standards and specifications from JAS - the Japanese Standards Association<br /><br />JIS - Japanese Industrial Standards<br />The Japanese Standards Association - JSA<br /><br />JIS - Pipe, Tube and Fittings Standards<br />Japanese industrial pipe, tube and fittings standards and specifications from JAS - the Japanese Standards Association<br /><br />Mechanical Properties Aluminum Pipes<br />Aluminum pipes and mechanical properties like tensile strength. yield strength and more<br /><br />NACE International<br />The corrosion engineering and science community<br /><br />NDT - Non Destructive Testing<br />Non-destructive testing of constructions<br /><br />Pipe Legends - Identification Scheme for Piping Systems<br />Color codes - field and legend<br /><br />Piping Class Ratings - Classes and Pressure Numbers (PN)<br />Pressure numbers (PN) compared to flange class designations<br /><br />Piping Codes & Standards<br />Piping codes and piping standards<br /><br />Piping and Equipment Identification Labels<br />Mechanical - Plumbing Piping System Abbreviations and Letter - Tags and Label Coloring<br /><br />Stainless Steel - Comparing International Standards<br />Comparing international stainless steel standards from America (US), France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain, Sweden, England (UK) and the European Union<br /><br />Stainless Steel Pipes - Comparing American and European Standards<br />Comparing American - US - and European - German, British (UK) and Swedish - stainless steel pipe standards<br /><br />Stainless Steels Classifications<br />Stainless steels are commonly grouped into martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels<br /><br />Steel Pipe Standardization Organizations<br />The most important world wide steel pipe standardization organizations<br /><br />Steel Pipes Dimensions - ANSI Schedule 40<br />Internal and external diameters, areas, weights, volumes and number of threads for schedule 40 steel pipes<br /><br />Steel Pipes Dimensions - ANSI Schedule 80<br />Internal and external diameters, areas, weights, volumes and number of threads for schedule 80 steel pipes<br /><br />Steel Tubes BS 1387 (EN 10255)<br />Dimensions and weights of steel tubes according BSi - BS 1387:1985 (EN 10255) Specification for screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubulars and for plain end steel tubes suitable for welding or for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads<br /><br />Threaded & Socket Welded Fittings - Pressure Classes and Schedules<br />Pressure classes, schedules and weights of pipes for threaded & socket welded fittings

ARTICLE PIPING CODES AND STANDARTS

ANSI - American National Standards Institute ANSI provides a forum for development of American national standards ASME - American Society of...

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PIPING SYSTEM

Codes and Standards<br />Piping codes and standards - ASME, ANSI, ASTM, AGA, API, AWWA, BS, ISO, DIN etc.<br />Corrosion<br />Corrosion in piping systems - caused by thermodynamic and electrochemical processes - corrosion problems and methods of protection and prevention<br /><br />Design Strategies<br />Piping systems and design strategies - documentation, P&ID, flow diagrams - capacities and limits<br /><br />Dimensions<br />Sizes and dimensions of pipes and tubes, and their fittings - inside and outside diameter, weight and more<br /><br />Fluid Flow and Pressure Drop<br />Pipe lines - fluid flow and pressure loss - water, sewer, steel pipes, pvc pipes, copper tubes and more<br /><br />Heat Loss and Insulation<br />Heat loss from pipes, tubes and tanks - with and without insulation - foam, fiberglass, rockwool and more<br /><br />Pressure Ratings<br />Pressure ratings of pipes and tubes and their fittings - carbon steel , stainless steel, plastic, copper and more<br /><br />Temperature Expansion<br />Thermal expansion of pipes and tubes - stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, plastics and more<br /><br />Valve Standards<br />International standards for valves in piping systems<br /><br />Ball Valves and typical Flow Coefficients - Cv<br />Typical flow coefficients - Cv - for ball valves - reduced and full bore<br /><br />Boiling Fluids - Recommended Suction Flow Velocity<br />Recommended flow velocity for the pump suction side<br /><br />Boiling Liquids - Pumping Flow Velocities<br />Recommended flow velocity required on the delivery side of the pump in systems with boiling liquids<br /><br />Bronze Flanges - ASME/ANSI 150 lb<br />Flange diameters, thickness, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts for ASME/ANSI B16.15 - Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings - 150 lb Bronze flanges with plain faces<br /><br />Bronze Flanges - ASME/ANSI 300 lb<br />Flange diameters, thickness, bolt circles, numbers and diameter of bolts for ASME/ANSI B16.15 - Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings - 300 lb Bronze Flanges with plain faces<br /><br />Butterfly Valves - Typical Flow Coefficients - Cv<br />Butterfly valves and typical flow coefficients - Cv<br /><br />Carbon Steel Flanges - Pressure and Temperature Ratings<br />Maximum ratings for flanges conforming to ISO Standard 2229 dimensions and material specification AST-A-105<br /><br />Carbon Steel Pipes - Comparing American & European Specifications<br />Comparing standards of carbon steel pipes from USA, Germany, UK and Sweden<br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 150<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 150 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Sponsored Links<br /><br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 300<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 300 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 400<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 400 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Carbon and Stainless Steel Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 600<br />ASME/ANSI B16.5-1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 600 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Carbon, Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipes - ASME/ANSI B36.10/19<br />Pipe sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness, schedules, moment of inertia, transverse area, weight of pipe filled with water - U.S. Customary Units<br /><br />Carbon, Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipes - ASME/ANSI B36.10/19 <br />Pipe sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness, schedules, weight and weight of pipe filled with water - Metric Units<br /><br />Cast Iron<br />There are four basic types of cast iron - white iron, gray iron, ductile iron and malleable iron<br /><br />Cast Iron Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 125<br />ASME/ANSI B16.1 - 1998 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 125 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Cast Iron Flanges - ASME/ANSI Class 250<br />ASME/ANSI B16.1 - 1998 - Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings - Class 250 Flanges - outside and inside diameters, bolt circles, numbers and diameters of bolts<br /><br />Comparing American and British Piping Standards<br />Comparing US American (ASTM) and British (BSi) piping standards - specifications, grades and material descriptions<br /><br />Content of Horizontal Sloped Cylindrical Tanks or Pipes<br />Volume of horizontal sloped cylindrical tanks at different levels - online calculator<br /><br />Cooling Water Pipes<br />Sizing cooling water piping - maximum allowable flow, velocity and pressure drop<br /><br />Copper Pipes - Heat Loss<br />Heat loss from copper tubes at various temperature differences between tube and air<br /><br />Copper Pipes - Insulation and Heat Loss<br />Heat loss to surrounding air from insulated copper tubes<br /><br />Cross Reference of ASTM Material Specifications<br />Fittings, Flanges, Unions and Cast and Forged Valves<br /><br />Diaphragm Materials in Diaphragm Valves<br />Typical diaphragm materials and their main properties for use in diaphragm valves<br /><br />Download ANSI, American National Standards Institute, Standards<br />ANSI is a private, not-for-profit, membership organization that acts not as a standards developer, but as a standards coordinating and approval body<br /><br />Flow Coefficient Cv and Flow Factor Kv<br />Comparing flow coefficient Cv with flow factor Kv<br /><br />Flow Coefficients - Cv - and Flow Factors - Kv - of Straight Through Diaphragm Valves<br />Typical flow coefficients - Cv - and flow factors - Kv - of<br /><br />Flow Coefficients - Cv - and Flow Factors - Kv - of Weir Diaphragm Valves<br />Typical flow coefficients - Cv - and flow factors - Kv - of weir diaphragm valves of<br /><br />Gasket Characteristics<br />Gaskets are used to make a fluid or gas resistant seal between two surfaces<br /><br />HVAC Diagram - Online Drawing<br />Draw HVAC diagrams - Online with the Google Drive drawing tool<br /><br />Ice Load on Pipelines<br />Ice coating on horizontal pipes - weight loaded<br /><br />Incompressible Flow Calculator<br />Pipe rating for single phase incompressible flow<br /><br />Light Oils - Pumping Flow Velocities<br />Recommended flow velocity required for light oil systems on the delivery side of the pump<br /><br />Light Oils - Recommended Suction Flow Velocity<br />Recommended flow velocity for the pump suction side<br /><br />NDT - Non Destructive Testing<br />Non-destructive testing of constructions<br /><br />NPS - 'Nominal Pipe Size' and DN - 'Diametre Nominal'<br />The size of pipes, fittings, flanges and valves are often given in inches as NPS - Nominal Pipe Size, or in metric units as DN - 'Diametre Nominal'<br /><br />P&ID Diagram - Online Drawing<br />Draw P&ID diagrams - Online with Google Docs<br /><br />Pipes - Relative Capacities<br />Relative capacities between larger and smaller pipes<br /><br />Pipes Fractional Equivalents<br />Comparing fractions and inches for pipes<br /><br />Pipes and Tubes - Temperature Expansion<br />Pipes expands when heated and contracts when cooled. The expansion of the pipes can be expressed with the expansion formula<br /><br />Pneumatic Powder and Solids - Transport Systems<br />Pneumatic transport systems may be suited to move powder and other solid products<br /><br />Pneumatics - Solid Transport Carrying Velocities<br />Air carrying velocities for solid transport of products as cement, coal, flour and more<br /><br />Pneumatics - Solid Transports and Particle Sizes<br />Typical particle sizes for common products as coal, sand, ash and more<br /><br />Pneumatics - Solid Transports and Separator Types<br />Separator types used in pneumatic solids transport systems - and their minimum suitable particle size<br /><br />Pressure Loss in Schedule 40 Steel Pipes<br />Water flow and pressure loss in schedule 40 steel pipes - Imperial and SI units - gallons per minute, liters per second and cubic meters per hour<br /><br />Ratio of Free Air to Compressed Air<br />Compression Ratio - Discharge Pressure Absolute to Suction Pressure Absolute<br /><br />Reynolds Number<br />An introduction and definition of the dimensionless Reynolds Number - with online calculators<br /><br />Slurry Transport and Minimum Flow Velocity<br />Settling of solids in slurry transport pipes or tubes can be avoided with flow velocities above certain levels<br /><br />Stainless Steel Pipes - Comparing American and European Standards<br />Comparing American - US - and European - German, British (UK) and Swedish - stainless steel pipe standards<br /><br />Stainless Steel Pipes - Dimensions and Weights ANSI/ASME 36.19<br />Dimensions, wall thickness and weights of stainless steel pipes according to ASME B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe<br /><br />Steel Pipes Dimensions - ANSI Schedule 40<br />Internal and external diameters, areas, weights, volumes and number of threads for schedule 40 steel pipes<br /><br />Steel Pipes Dimensions - ANSI Schedule 80<br />Internal and external diameters, areas, weights, volumes and number of threads for schedule 80 steel pipes<br /><br />Steel Pipes and Heat Loss Diagram<br />Heat loss from steel pipes and tubes - dimensions ranging 1/2 - 12 inches<br /><br />Steel Pipes and Temperature Expansion<br />Temperature expansion of carbon steel pipes<br /><br />Steel Tubes BS 1387 (EN 10255)<br />Dimensions and weights of steel tubes according BSi - BS 1387:1985 (EN 10255) Specification for screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubulars and for plain end steel tubes suitable for welding or for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads<br /><br />Suction Flow Velocities of Water<br />Recommended water flow velocity on suction side of pump<br /><br />Temperature Expansion Coefficients of some common Piping Materials<br />Expansion coefficients of some common materials used for pipes and tubes - aluminum, carbon steel, cast iron, PVC, HDPE and more<br /><br />Thermoplastic Pipes - Temperature and Maximum Support Spacing<br />Maximum support spacing PVC, CPVC, PVDF and PP pipes<br /><br />Threaded & Socket Welded Fittings - Pressure Classes and Schedules<br />Pressure classes, schedules and weights of pipes for threaded & socket welded fittings<br /><br />Valve Selection Guide <br />An applications guide for selecting valves<br /><br />Valve Types for Specific Services<br />In case of specific services, choose of valve may be simplified by following established practice<br /><br />Valves - Types<br />Classifications of valves<br /><br />Valves - Typical Operating Ranges<br />Different types of valves and their operating ranges<br /><br />Valves - Typical Operating Temperatures<br />Typical operating temperature ranges for some common types of valves - ball valves, butterfly valves and more<br /><br />Viscous Fluids - Recommended Suction Flow Velocity<br />Recommended suction flow velocity of viscous fluids<br /><br />Viscous Liquids - Recommended Delivery Flow Velocities<br />Normal flow velocities on the delivery side of the pump in viscous systems<br /><br />Water Delivery Flow Velocities<br />Required flow velocities in water transport systems - on the delivery side of the pump<br /><br />Water for Firefighting<br />Water flow for firefighting

ARTICLE PIPING SYSTEM

Codes and Standards Piping codes and standards - ASME, ANSI, ASTM, AGA, API, AWWA, BS, ISO, DIN etc. Corrosion Corrosion in piping systems -...

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ISO

ISO - International Organization for Standardization<br /><br />ISO - the International Organization for Standardization<br /><br /><br />ISO - the International Organization for Standardization - is an international standard setting body made up of representatives from national standards bodies.<br /><br /><br />For the world's largest developer of standards the principal activity is development of technical and economical standards and the ISO Standards cover a wide variety of items ranging from medical equipment to shipbuilding:<br /><br /><br /><br />Mechanical<br /><br />Machinery<br /><br />Chemistry<br /><br />Coatings<br /><br />Construction<br /><br />Metals<br /><br />Aerospace<br /><br />Fuels<br /><br />Energy<br /><br />Transportation<br /><br />Information<br /><br />Image Technology<br /><br />Quality<br /><br />Measurements<br /><br />Safety<br /><br />Environment<br /><br />Medical<br /><br />Consumer Goods<br /><br />ISO Numbers and Names<br /><br />ISO standards are numbered with the format:<br /><br /><br />"ISO nnnnn:yyyy: Title"<br /><br /><br />where<br /><br /><br />"nnnnn" = standard number<br /><br /><br />"yyyy" = year published<br /><br /><br />"Title" = description of the subject<br /><br /><br />In addition may European and Domestic versions be publishes as:<br /><br /><br />EN ISO nnnnn = European version of the International Standard<br /><br /><br />BS EN ISO nnnnn = British version of the European version of the International Standard<br /><br /><br />Example ISO number<br /><br /><br />ISO IS228-1:2000: Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads -- Part 1: Dimensions, tolerances and designation<br /><br /><br />ISO also creates Technical Reports such as references, explanations, etc, where "TR" replace "IS" in the standard's name.

ARTICLE ISO

ISO - International Organization for Standardization ISO - the International Organization for Standardization ISO - the International Organi...

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Steel Pipe Standardization Organizations

Steel Pipe Standardization Organizations<br /><br />The most important world wide steel pipe standardization organizations<br /><br /><br /><br />Piping codes and standards are issued from various standardization organizations:<br /><br />AFNOR-French Norms<br />ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers<br />ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials<br />BS-British Standards<br />SCC-Canadian Norms<br />DIN- German Norms<br />EN - Euronorm<br />GOST - Russian Norms<br />ISO - International Organization for Standardization<br />JIS - Japanese Standards<br />NACE - The Corrosion Society<br />SASO - Saudi Arabian Standards Organization<br />UNI- Italian Standards<br />In general the organizations have committees with representatives from the industry, manufacturers, professional groups, users, government agencies, insurance companies etc.<br /><br />The committees are responsible for maintaining, updating and reviewing the codes and revisions are published regularly.<br /><br />Note! In general it is important that piping professionals stay informed with the latest revisions.<br /><br />

ARTICLE Steel Pipe Standardization Organizations

Steel Pipe Standardization Organizations The most important world wide steel pipe standardization organizations Piping codes and standards a...

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Stainless Steels Classifications

Stainless Steels Classifications<br /><br />Stainless steels are commonly grouped into martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels<br /><br />Stainless steels are in general grouped into<br /><br />martensitic stainless steels<br />ferritic stainless steels<br />austenitic stainless steels<br />duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels<br />precipitation-hardening stainless steels<br />Alloying metallic elements added during the making of the steel increase corrosion resistance, hardness, or strength. The metals used most commonly as alloying elements in stainless steel include chromium, nickel, and molybdenum.<br /><br />Stainless steels are available in the form of<br /><br />plate<br />sheet<br />strip<br />foil<br />bar<br />wire<br />pipes<br />tubes<br />Stainless steels are a iron-based alloy containing at between 10.5% to 30% Cr. Stainless steel achieve its stainless characteristic through the formation of an invisible and adherent chromium-rich oxide surface film.<br /><br />Other alloying elements added to improve the characteristics of the stainless steel include nickel, molybdenum, copper, titanium, aluminum, silicon, niobium, nitrogen, sulphur, and selenium.<br /><br />Carbon is normally in amounts from 0.03% to more than 1.0% in some martensitic grades.<br /><br />Selection of stainless steels are in general based on<br /><br />corrosion resistance<br />fabrication characteristics<br />availability<br />mechanical properties for specific temperature ranges<br />product cost<br />Since stainless steel resists corrosion, maintains its strength at high temperatures, and is easily maintained, it is widely used in items such as automotive and food processing products, as well as medical and health equipment. The most common US grades of stainless steel are:<br /><br />TYPE 304<br />The most commonly specified austenitic (chromium-nickel stainless class) stainless steel, accounting for more than half of the stainless steel produced in the world. This grade withstands ordinary corrosion in architecture, is durable in typical food processing environments, and resists most chemicals. Type 304 is available in virtually all product forms and finishes.<br /><br />TYPE 316<br />Austenitic (chromium-nickel stainless class) stainless steel containing 2%-3% molybdenum (whereas 304 has none). The inclusion of molybdenum gives 316 greater resistance to various forms of deterioration.<br /><br />TYPE 409<br />Ferritic (plain chromium stainless category) stainless steel suitable for high temperatures. This grade has the lowest chromium content of all stainless steels and thus is the least expensive.<br /><br />TYPE 410<br />The most widely used martensitic (plain chromium stainless class with exceptional strength) stainless steel, featuring the high level of strength conferred by the martensitics. It is a low-cost, heat-treatable grade suitable for non-severe corrosion applications.<br /><br />TYPE 430<br />The most widely used ferritic (plain chromium stainless category) stainless steel, offering general-purpose corrosion resistance, often in decorative applications.<br /><br />AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS<br />TYPE Equivalent UNS<br />201 S20100<br />202 S20200<br />205 S20500<br />301 S30100<br />302 S30200<br />302B S30215<br />303 S30300<br />303Se S30323<br />304 S30400<br />304L S30403<br />302HQ S30430<br />304N S30451<br />305 S30500<br />308 S30800<br />309 S30900<br />309S S30908<br />310 S31000<br />310S S31008<br />314 S31400<br />316 S31600<br />316L S31603<br />316F S31620<br />316N S31651<br />317 S31700<br />317L S31703<br />317LMN S31726<br />321 S32100<br />330 NO8330<br />347 S34700<br />348 S34800<br />384 S38400<br /><br />FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS<br />TYPE Equivalent UNS<br />405 S40500<br />409 S40900<br />429 S42900<br />430 S43000<br />430F S43020<br />430FSe S43023<br />434 S43400<br />436 S43600<br />442 S44200<br />446 S44600<br /><br />MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEELS<br />TYPE Equivalent UNS<br />403 S40300<br />410 S41000<br />414 S41400<br />416 S41600<br />416Se S41623<br />420 S42000<br />420F S42020<br />422 S42200<br />431 S43100<br />440A S44002<br />440B S44003<br />440C S44004<br />

ARTICLE Stainless Steels Classifications

Stainless Steels Classifications Stainless steels are commonly grouped into martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, austeni...

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JIS - Pipe, Tube and Fittings Standards

JIS - Pipe, Tube and Fittings Standards<br /><br />Japanese industrial pipe, tube and fittings standards and specifications from JAS - the Japanese Standards Association<br />Sponsored Links<br /><br /><br />Industrial pipe, tube and fittings standards and specifications from Japanese Standards Association - JAS:<br /><br />A. Civil Engineering and Architecture<br />JIS A 5302<br />Concrete pipes and reinforced concrete pipes<br />JIS A 5303<br />Reinforced spun and centrifugal reinforced concrete pipes<br />JIS A 5314:1998<br />Mortar lining for ductile iron pipes<br />JIS A 5322<br />Reinforced spun concrete pipes with socket<br />JIS A 5333:1993<br />Core type prestressed concrete pipes<br />JIS A 5350:1991<br />Fiberglass reinforced plastic mortar pipes<br />JIS A 5405:1982<br />Asbestos cement pipes<br />B. Mechanical Engineering<br />JIS B 0151:2001<br />Iron and steel pipe fittings -- Vocabulary<br />JIS B 2301:2004<br />Screwed type malleable cast iron pipe fittings<br />JIS B 2302:1998<br />Screwed type steel pipe fittings<br />JIS B 2303:1995<br />Screwed drainage fittings<br />JIS B 2311:1997<br />Steel butt-welding pipe fittings for ordinary use<br />JIS B 2312:1997<br />Steel butt-welding pipe fittings<br />JIS B 2313:1997<br />Steel plate butt-welding pipe fittings<br />JIS B 2316:1997<br />Steel socket-welding pipe fittings<br />JIS B 2321:1995<br />Aluminium and aluminium alloy butt-welding pipe fittings<br />JIS B 2351:1990<br />25 MPa (25 kgf/cm2) bite type tube fittings for hydraulic use<br />JIS B 2354:1991<br />Crosslinked polyethylene (XPE) pipe clamp type fittings<br />JIS B 6164:1996<br />Compression type tube fittings for machine tools<br />JIS B 8381:1995<br />Pneumatic system -- Flexible tubes -- Tube fittings<br />JIS B 8602:2002<br />Pipe flanges for refrigerants<br />JIS B 8607:2002<br />Flare type and brazing type fittings for refrigerants<br />C. Electronic and Electrical Engineering<br />JIS C 8380:1993<br />Plastic coated steel pipes for cable-ways<br />D. Automotive Engineering<br />JIS D 3607:1993<br />Automotive diesel engines - steel tubes for high-pressure fuel injection pipes<br />E. Railway Engineering<br />JIS E 4106:1994<br />Railway rolling stock - screwed type pipe fittings<br />JIS E 4308:1994<br />Railway rolling stock - air filters<br />F. Shipbuilding<br />JIS F 0014:2000<br />Glossary of terms for shipbuilding (hull part -piping)<br />JIS F 0301:1990<br />Schemes of thermal insulation of piping for small ships<br />JIS F 0414:1996<br />Shipbuilding - internal wirings and pipings of engine control console<br />JIS F 0506:1996<br />Shipbuilding - applications of copper pipes<br />JIS F 0507:1992<br />Small ships - steel pipes - application<br />JIS F 2007:1976<br />Mooring pipes<br />JIS F 2030:1978<br />Single point mooring pipes<br />JIS F 3016:1996<br />Shipbuilding - cast iron pipe sleeve type expansion joints<br />JIS F 3017:1996<br />Shipbuilding - cast steel pipe sleeve type expansion joints<br />JIS F 3993:1996<br />Discharge pipes for dredger<br />JIS F 3994:1996<br />Floaters of discharge pipes for dredger<br />JIS F 3995:1991<br />Rubber sleeves for dredge discharge pipes<br />JIS F 7008:1996<br />Standard specification of thermal insulation for piping<br />JIS F 7101:1993<br />Pipes of ship's machinery - standard velocity of flow<br />JIS F 7102:1989<br />Application for gaskets and packings to piping system in machinery space<br />JIS F 7435:1996<br />Shipbuilding - brass 30K unions with bite joints<br />JIS F 7436:1996<br />Shipbuilding - copper tube 10K brazed unions<br />JIS F 7437:1996<br />Shipbuilding - copper tube 10K screwed unions<br />JIS F 7438:1996<br />Shipbuilding - steel pipe 10K welding type unions<br />JIS F 7439:1996<br />Shipbuilding - steel pipe 10K screwed unions<br />JIS F 7440:1996<br />Shipbuilding - copper pipe 20K brazed type unions<br />JIS F 7441:1996<br />Shipbuilding - copper pipe 20K screwed unions<br />JIS F 7442:1996<br />Shipbuilding - steel pipe 40K welded unions<br />JIS F 7443:1996<br />Shipbuilding - steel pipe 40K screwed unions<br />JIS F 7444:1996<br />Shipbuilding - steel pipe 100K welded unions<br />JIS F 7445:1996<br />Shipbuilding - steel pipe 100K screwed unions<br />G. Ferrous Materials and Metallurgy<br />JIS G 3429:1988<br />Seamless steel tubes for high pressure gas cylinder<br />JIS G 3439<br />Seamless steel oil well casing, tubing and drill pipe<br />JIS G 3441:2004<br />Alloy steel tubes for machine purposes<br />JIS G 3442:2004<br />Galvanized steel pipes for ordinary piping<br />JIS G 3443:2004<br />Coated steel pipes for water service<br />JIS G 3444:2004<br />Carbon steel tubes for general structural purposes<br />JIS G 3445:1988<br />Carbon steel tubes for machine structural purposes<br />JIS G 3446:1994<br />Stainless steel pipes for machine and structural purposes<br />JIS G 3447:2004<br />Stainless steel sanitary pipes<br />JIS G 3448:2004<br />Light gauge stainless steel tubes for ordinary piping<br />JIS G 3451:1987<br />Fittings of coated steel pipes for water service<br />JIS G 3452:2004<br />Carbon steel pipes for ordinary piping<br />JIS G 3454:1988<br />Carbon steel pipes for pressure service<br />JIS G 3455:1988<br />Carbon steel pipes for high pressure service<br />JIS G 3456:2004<br />Carbon steel pipes for high temperature service<br />JIS G 3457:1988<br />Arc welded carbon steel pipes<br />JIS G 3458:1988<br />Alloy steel pipes<br />JIS G 3459:2004<br />Stainless steel pipes<br />JIS G 3460:1988<br />Steel pipes for low temperature service<br />JIS G 3465:1988<br />Seamless steel tubes for drilling<br />JIS G 3466:1988<br />Carbon steel square pipes for general structural purposes<br />JIS G 3468, Publication date:2004-03-20<br />Large diameter welded stainless steel pipes<br />JIS G 3469:2002<br />Polyethylene coated steel pipes<br />JIS G 3471:1977<br />Corrugated steel pipes and sections<br />JIS G 3474:1995<br />High tensile strength steel tubes for tower structural purposes<br />JIS G 3491:2004<br />Asphalt protective coatings for steel water pipe<br />JIS G 3492:1993<br />Coal-tar enamel protective coatings for steel water pipe<br />JIS G 4903:1991<br />Seamless nickel-chromium-iron alloy pipes<br />JIS G 5201:1991<br />Centrifugally cast steel pipes for welded structure<br />JIS G 5202:1991<br />Centrifugally cast steel pipes for high temperature and high pressure service<br />JIS G 5525:2000<br />Cast-iron drainage pipes and fittings<br />JIS G 5526:1998<br />Ductile iron pipes<br />JIS G 5527:1998<br />Ductile iron fittings<br />JIS G 5528:1984<br />Epoxy-powder coating for interior of ductile iron pipes and fittings<br />H. Non-ferrous Metals and Metallurgy<br />JIS H 0502:1986<br />Method of eddy current testing for copper and copper alloy pipes and tubes<br />JIS H 0515:1992<br />Eddy current inspection of titanium pipes and tubes<br />JIS H 0516:1992<br />Ultrasonic inspection of titanium pipes and tubes<br />JIS H 3300:1997<br />Copper and copper alloy seamless pipes and tubes<br />JIS H 3320:1992<br />Copper and copper alloy welded pipes and tubes<br />JIS H 3401:2001<br />Pipe fittings of copper and copper alloys<br />JIS H 4080:1999<br />Aluminum and aluminium alloys extruded tubes and cold-drawn tubes<br />JIS H 4090:1990<br />Aluminum and aluminium alloy welded pipes and tubes<br />JIS H 4202:1998<br />Magnesium alloy seamless pipes and tubes<br />JIS H 4311:1993<br />Lead and lead alloy tubes for common industries<br />JIS H 4312:2000<br />Polyethylene lining lead pipes for water supply<br />JIS H 4552:2000<br />Nickel and nickel alloy seamless pipes and tubes<br />JIS H 4630:2001<br />Titanium and titanium alloy seamless pipes<br />JIS H 4635:2001<br />Titanium and titanium alloy welded pipes<br />K. Chemical Engineering<br />JIS K 6739:2004<br />Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) pipe fittings for drain<br />JIS K 6741:2004<br />Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) pipes<br />JIS K 6742:2004<br />Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) pipes for water supply<br />JIS K 6761:2004<br />Polyethylene pipes for General Purposes<br />JIS K 6762:2004<br />Double wall polyethylene pipes for water supply<br />JIS K 6743:2004<br />Unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) pipe fittings for water supply<br />JIS K 6769:2004<br />Crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) pipes<br />JIS K 6770:2004<br />Crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) pipe fittings<br />JIS K 6774:1998<br />Polyethylene pipes for the supply of gaseous fuels<br />JIS K 6775-1:1998<br />Polyethylene pipe-fittings for the supply of gaseous fuels --<br />Part 1: Heatfusion fittings<br />JIS K 6775-2:1998<br />Polyethylene pipe-fittings for the supply of gaseous fuels --<br />Part 2: Spigot fittings<br />JIS K 6775-3:1998<br />Polyethylene pipe-fittings for the supply of gaseous fuels --<br />Part 3: Electrofusion fittings<br />JIS K 6776:2004<br />Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) pipes for hot and cold water supply<br />JIS K 6777:2004<br />Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) pipe fittings for hot and cold water supply<br />JIS K 6778:2004<br />Polybutene (PB) pipes<br />JIS K 6779:2004<br />Polybutene (PB) pipe fittings<br />JIS K 6897:1995<br />Polyetrafluoroethylene pipes<br />P. Pulp and Paper<br />JIS R 1201:1991<br />Clay pipes<br />JIS R 1511:1991<br />Conical flanged straight pipes of acid proof porcelains for chemical industry<br />JIS R 1512:1991<br />Conical flanged 90 degrees bent pipes of acid proof porcelains for chemical industry<br />JIS R 1513:1991<br />Conical flanged 45 degrees bent pipes of acid proof porcelains for chemical industry<br />JIS R 1514:1991<br />Conical flanged tee pipes pipes of acid proof porcelains for chemical industry<br />JIS R 1534:1991<br />Metal joint for conical flanged pipes of acid proof porcelains for chemical industry<br />S. Domestic Wares<br />JIS S 2080:1994<br />Exhaust pipes for burning appliances<br />JIS S 3028:1994<br />Oil discharge copper pipe for oil burning appliances<br />T. Medical Equipment and Safety Appliances<br />JIS T 7101:1993<br />Medical gas pipeline systems<br />JIS T 9211:1990<br />Pipes for endoskeletal type of lower limb prostheses<br />Z. Miscellaneous, Packaging, Welding, Radioactivity, etc.<br />JIS Z 1604:1995<br />Plugs and flanges for steel drums<br />

ARTICLE JIS - Pipe, Tube and Fittings Standards

JIS - Pipe, Tube and Fittings Standards Japanese industrial pipe, tube and fittings standards and specifications from JAS - the Japanese Sta...

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